Lithium-ion batteries dominate the market for portable electronics due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. Nevertheless, the demand for lithium-ion batteries in emerging applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage has placed increased pressure on the supply chain of critical battery mat

Copper foam is rapidly emerging as a potential advancement in the quest for lighter, stronger structures. Its uniquecellular structure|open-cell architecture} provides an ideal combination of lightweightness and high tensile strength. This makes it a perfect candidate for applications in a diverse array of industries, from aerospace to automotive